In general, under the direction of your professor or committee, following the style of a major scientific journal in the area of the study is recommended. Journals either have their own format and style requirements or follow the Council of 生物学 Editors guidelines in the CBE Manual (in UVU Library Reference section, call number: REF T11.S386, 1999). 以下是一般的“默认”格式。 Ensure that any information other than your own is properly cited. Follow the citation/reference style of an appropriate scientific journal or the CBE Manual.

摘要（小于或等于1页双倍行距）

摘要是对论文的简短概括。 Introduce the problem or question you are studying, describe the experimental approach, your results (what data you collected and what facts you learned), and summarize your conclusions (what you think those facts mean).

Some students may feel compelled to write the abstract first because it’s at the beginning,however, you should write it last to summarize the paper or proposal. You should plan on writing (or rewriting) the abstract when you are finished writing the body of the thesis.

引言（约1至5页双倍行距）

In the introduction, you should give background information to help the reader understand why your topic is interesting and/or important, and tell the reader (in general terms) what you were trying to do for your thesis (i.e., What question did your thesis address?). 包括相关科学文献的摘要（回顾）和引用。

材料和方法（长度可能有所不同）

• 描述使用了什么方法。 Unlike a cookbook, the materials and methods should be incorporated into a single narrative. You do not need to explain the mechanisms, just give instructions on how the work was done, so others could replicate your experiments or observations. If materials or unusual supplies were purchased, give the name of the manufacturer.
• Describe how data were collected (e.g., What experiments were done?) and what data analysis techniques were used. 本节不列出实际数据。  Your data should be summarized in the i"results" section.
• List any statistical methods, data analysis computer programs (name, manufacturer) or other data analysis techniques used.
• 如果构建了研究工具，描述它们是如何构建的。
• If research samples (like tissues or collected specimens) were used, describe where and how they were collected, processed, identified, and stored. If voucher specimens were deposited in a research collection (such as an herbarium or museum), list where they were deposited.

结果（长度取决于数据的数量和类型）

The "results" section contains just what is implied - the summarized data - with just enough narrative to ensure it is "sensible." Save your interpretations and conclusions for the "discussion" section. 描述数据分析的结果。 Use appropriate formats for particular data (figures, photos, lists, tables, diagrams, graphs) with sufficient captions so the tables, etc., are "stand alone."

讨论（只要需要）

这里是你解释数据的地方。 你的发现意味着什么？ How do your findings bear on the question  you set out to answer? Do your results support or refute your hypothesis? Were there any unexpected findings that changed your hypothesis or pre-study ideas? 如果是，你的新想法是什么？ 你的结论是什么？ (Watch out: Your conclusions must be supported by your data – you can speculate about other possibilities, but make sure you identify these as such). Compare your results with those of others (i.e., compare your results and conclusions with those published by others). Are there additional experiments you would propose to resolve new or unanswered questions? 如果有，描述一下。

参考书目（有时称为参考文献、文献或文献引用）